Researchers at Brigham and Women’s and the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard discover a gene involved in rheumatoid arthritis, a painful inflammation that affects 2.1 million Americans and can destroy cartilage and bone within afflicted joints. Alfred Goldberg and HMS colleagues conduct basic investigations that lay the foundation for the first proteasome-inhibiting cancer therapy. So too, then, has the development of one of the most effective ways to defend against rampant viral infection -- vaccination. Jack Szostak, HMS professor of genetics and the Alexander Rich Distinguished Investigator at Massachusetts General Hospital, co-discovers telomeres, regions of repetitive DNA that protect the ends of chromosomes and that shorten each time a cell divides. In a first, HMS Department of Microbiology scientists use CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing to disrupt both actively replicating and dormant pools of herpes simplex virus in human fibroblast cells, revealing a possible strategy for achieving permanent viral control. 1955 An enzyme, DNA polymerase, involved in the synthesis of a nucleic acid, is isolated for the first time. Information for the HMS Community (Updated January 2021). But then in 1895 German physicist Wilhelm C. Roentgen accidentally … Surgeon Joseph Murray performs the first successful kidney transplant on identical twins at Peter Bent Brigham. In a first, the newly developed Drinker Respirator (iron lung) saves a polio patient at Peter Bent Brigham in collaboration with Children's Hospital Medical Center, today Boston Children’s Hospital, and the Harvard School of Public Health. Zhang Zhongjing wrote and published one of the first medical texts in the world. Mass General researchers develop a technique for reversing the premature onset of puberty in girls. Oliver Wendell Holmes identifies the cause and prevention of puerperal fever, also known as childbed fever. Paul Dudley White introduces the electrocardiograph to the United States. The 19 Biggest Medical Breakthroughs of the Decade. 6 Medical Breakthroughs That Originated From The 2 World Wars. Louis Kunkel and colleagues at Boston Children’s discover the gene that causes Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Reginald Heber Fitz provides the first clinical description of appendicitis; he also advocates performing appendectomies. Dr. … 1923. 1920. This is a timeline of the history of medicine and medical technology.[a]. A surgical team, led by Ronald Malt, at Mass General performs a replantation of a severed arm, thus achieving the first successful reattachment of a human limb. At the dawn of the 20th Century, civilization entered a period of extended and widespread warfare not seen … William G. Kaelin Jr., Sidney Farber Professor of Medicine at HMS and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and senior physician in medicine at Brigham and Women's Hospital, shows that cells lacking the. McLean scientists discover the first evidence of a chemical abnormality in nerve-cell function in the brains of people with Alzheimer’s, a finding that ultimately leads to the first treatments for the disease approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 1947. Its transforming effect was as much cause… In History. See more Film timelines. McLean researchers identify four types of brain abnormalities associated with abuse and neglect experienced in childhood. To learn more about research at HMS on the Quad and beyond, click here. Mass General researchers pioneer the positron emission tomography (PET) scan, an imaging technique that made possible one of the first noninvasive looks at functional changes within the brain and other organs. Challenging a half century-old theory that chemotherapy works by targeting fast-dividing cells, Dana-Farber researchers report that cancer cells on the verge of self-destructing are especially vulnerable to chemotherapy. Mass General cardiac surgeons collaborate in the development of an intra-aortic balloon catheter. By calculating network scores for the proteins that make up HIV, HMS investigators based at the Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard identify specific amino acids in the protein structure of HIV that appear critical to the ability of the virus to function and replicate. The report also presents a blueprint for developing properly functioning surgical systems globally. Mass General clinicians pioneer telemedicine, the practice of medicine over closed-circuit television. McLean scientists link abnormalities in circadian rhythms to specific neurochemical changes in the brains of people with bipolar disorder that coincide with increased severity of symptoms in the morning. The first medical imaging machines were X-rays. The symbol and initiator of this change was a simple instrument used to enhance the conduction of sound, the stethoscope. Researchers at Mass General, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and the Shriners Burns Institute create the first artificial skin made from living cells. Boston Children’s researchers identify a retrovirus as the probable cause of Kawasaki disease, an infectious illness occurring predominantly in children under five. Matapurkar B G. (1995). The dates given for these medical works are uncertain. Elliott Joslin introduces insulin to the United States and subsequently founds Joslin Diabetes Center. Dana-Farber researchers identify a molecular mechanism in the liver that explains how eating foods rich in saturated fats and trans-fatty acids causes elevated blood levels of "bad" cholesterol and triglycerides, increasing the risk of heart disease and certain cancers. Theobald Smith identifies the mechanism of insect-borne disease transmission, discovers the cause of scurvy and develops the concept of heat-killed vaccines. The last decade has far surpassed previous ones in terms of medical innovation, from the once-a-day HIV pill to the … In studies of the microbiome, HMS Microbiology and Immunobiology researchers find an array of individual bacterial species in the human gut that work together to influence immuno-inflammatory responses. Last updated: February 6, 2021. HMS Cell Biology researchers discover the architecture of the first transmembrane protein-conducting channel, paving the way for an understanding of how proteins are transferred. An HMS Genetics team, led by Stephen Elledge, uses a technique called RNA interference (RNAi) to dial down the production of thousands of proteins and determine which are required for cancer cells to survive, exposing a hidden set of drug targets for possible new cancer therapies. James Gamble and colleagues give the first demonstration of the need to replace intracellular fluid and electrolytes in those subjected to extreme loss of food and water. Milestones in Medical Technology. 1518 – College of Physicians founded now known as, 1846 – First painless surgery with general, 1850 – Female Medical College of Pennsylvania (later, 1949 – Mechanical assistor for anesthesia – John Emerson, 1963 – Valium (diazepam) – Leo H. Sternbach, 1966 – Rubella Vaccine – Harry Martin Meyer and Paul D. Parkman, 1995 – Adult stem cell use in regeneration of tissues and organs in vivo – B. G Matapurkar U.S . Investigating how aspirin reduces inflammation, Brigham and Women’s scientists discover that aspirin targets COX, an enzyme involved in the formation of prostaglandins and thromboxanes, compounds that are part of the inflammatory response. See more Biography timelines. Using x-ray crystallography, HMS researchers in the Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology decipher the atomic structure of ADAM10, a scissorlike enzyme that plays a critical role in normal cell-to-cell communication, but when malfunctioning, ADAM10 has been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s, certain cancers and asthma.

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